Petrified Forests
The park's petrified forests are some of its most remarkable features. These ancient trees were formed around 190 million years ago, when a series of eruptions occurred that covered the area in ash and lava. As these layers of lava cooled, they slowly began to form petrified wood — fossilized logs preserved in their original form. Over time, the ash and lava hardened into the colorful sandstone that is visible today. These petrified logs can be found scattered throughout the park, mainly near its western rim.

Banded Iron Formations
The park also contains numerous banded iron formations (BIFs). These are sedimentary rocks composed of alternating layers of iron oxides and silica. These formations were created between 1.9 billion and 1.5 billion years ago, when the Earth's atmosphere was much higher in oxygen than it is today. As this oxygen reacted with iron-rich sediment from nearby rivers, it formed thick layers of solidified minerals, which eventually lithified into the rock we see today. BIFs are found in several areas throughout the park, most notably at the base of its western cliffs.
Canyons and Cliffs
The park's spectacular canyons and cliffs provide evidence of the region's turbulent geological history. Millions of years of erosion have carved deep ravines throughout the park, revealing layers of colorful sandstone that reveal a wealth of information about the area's geologic past. These canyons are home to numerous fossils, including dinosaur tracks and ancient tree stumps which provide invaluable insight into the region's prehistoric life. The canyons are also home to stunning waterfalls and a variety of plant and animal life, making them a great place for hikers and outdoor enthusiasts. Additionally, the cliffs at the park's western rim offer spectacular views of the surrounding landscape, making them perfect for sightseers.